Speaking at a defense ministers' summit in Estonia on Thursday, Von der Leyen reaffirmed the partnership between western countries and and NATO's eastern flank.
Poland and the Baltic counties "can count on us," she said.
Tensions in Eastern Europe are growing as Russia and Belarus are preparing for Zapad 2017 war games, which are scheduled to start on the September 14 and will last for one week. Moscow said that some 12,700 soldiers are set to participate.
On Thursday, however, Von der Leyen dismissed the official numbers provided by Russia and said the true number of participants would likely be "over 100,000."
"I believe it is clear that we are witnessing yet another Russian demonstration of power and capabilities," she said at a defense ministers' meeting in Tallinn, Estonia.
The number of troops is a key issue for the framework established by the two sides. In 2011, NATO and Russia formally agreed that scheduled exercises involving over 13,000 servicemen would be monitored by the other side and the Organization for Security and cooperation in Europe (OSCE). NATO has repeatedly accused Russia of cheating by underreporting the number of participants on their military drills. NATO's eastern members claim Russia has used the pretext of drills to move troops near Georgia and Crimea in 2008 and 2014.
Cyber attack drill in Tallinn
Ukraine also responded with alarm to the upcoming drills, with President Petro Poroshenko saying that "7,000 vehicles with soldiers and military equipment are nearing our borders and there are no guarantees they will go back to Russia after the maneuvers."
Read more: What are Russia's Zapad war games?
Another concern for NATO states is Russia's new strategy of "hybrid warfare" which involves propaganda and cyber capabilities. On Thursday, Von der Leyen and her EU colleagues took part in the exercise dubbed EU Cybrid 2017, a reference to cyber and hybrid warfare. After a simulated cyber attack on a European defense facility in Rome, the ministers were prompted to take control of the situation and decide on a response.
"This was an extremely exciting drill," Von der Leyen said after the two-hour event. "The attack is quiet, invisible, but you can feel the entire weight of it once it reaches full effect."
NATO has increased its cyber defense capability by 60 percent during last year, officials say.
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